History 24/03/20 Who as acted at the grave of Stalin
Any politician long enough in power, after the death leaves the society highly polarized evaluations of his personality. Muammar Gaddafi, Saddam Hussein and Fidel Castro have both admirers and haters far beyond their native countries. Supporters are such historical figures as Adolf Hitler, and not only among the fascist youth. In Germany, talking about it is not accepted, but some Germans of the older generation can sometimes say that “in the Third Reich, life was not so bad”, and in the attic of many houses gathering dust, the main book of the Fuhrer (the circulation of which in 1945 amounted to a whopping 13 million copies). In the history of Russia was also quite a lot of actors, a clear assessment of which is impossible: from St. Vladimir and Alexander Nevsky and ending with Lenin and Nicholas II. However, the main line, which will long split the Russian society, goes by the name of Joseph Stalin. For some — the father of Nations, the successor of Lenin, the winner of fascism. Others see it as a bloody butcher, tyrant and traitor to the revolution. This sharp public debate, is relevant even today, actually began on 5 March 1953, the day when it was announced the news of the death of the leader, which not all citizens of the USSR accepted the same.
the Great good-bye
In 1953, the Soviet Union released film “the Great farewell”, in the colors showing 4 days of the all-Union bid farewell to Stalin. For the movie was filmed about 10 kilometers of the film, about two hundred operators work in almost all corners of the Soviet Union, China and the countries of the Warsaw Pact. For 46 minutes we see red flags with a black mourning stripe flying over Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Vilnius. Mourn the reindeer herders of the Arctic, leading workers of the factories, the soldiers in the trenches of the Korean war and even the Ministers of the Church. Funeral wreaths in Warsaw, Prague, Tirana, Sofia. In the hall of columns, where the farewell to the chief, watch one funeral after another, infinitely flows the stream of weeping citizens. Near the coffin in the honor guard are sadly the first person in the country: Malenkov, Beria, Voroshilov, Molotov, Bulganin, Khrushchev, Kaganovich, and Mikoyan.
the creators of the movie more than gave a solemn and sorrowful atmosphere that prevailed then in the capital of the Soviet state. People really were very, very scared and confused. Under the portrait of the leader, who looked strictly from the walls of public institutions, passed the whole life of the citizen of the USSR: in the face of Stalin, he lived, worked, married, went on his last journey. And mourned a leader not only simple, impeccable class workers. Many people who have really had a reason to hate Stalin, sincerely mourned for the deceased. Konstantin Rokossovsky passed through the repression in the red army in 1937-1938, was the only General who wept at the tomb. But then he was arrested as a Polish-Japanese spy, and spent several years in the inner prison of the NKVD. The stories granddaughter Rokossovsky, the future liberator of the Byelorussian SSR during the torture several times, broke ribs and fingers, knocked out front teeth. Once he took the shot, but was given a single shot. However, Rokossovsky to the end of life retained a reverent attitude to Stalin that cost “the Soviet Bagration” career during the Khrushchev thaw.
Mourned Stalin and his only daughter Svetlana, which also had many reasons to hate my father. In 1932 after a quarrel with Stalin, his wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva had locked the room and was shot from a pistol “Walter”. And despite the fact that the leader of doted on little Svetlana, from this point in the relationship of father and daughter comes disorder. Later in the course of the repression will die all friends of the family Stalins, many of whom she tied a close relationship. Add fuel to the fire and return to the Thiefkutu Alexei Kapler, beloved Svetlana. However, after Stalin’s funeral, she takes the name mother Alliluyeva.
Joy, fear and curiosity
In 1990, Yevgeny Yevtushenko made the film “Stalin’s Funeral”, where the first art was way comprehended the reverse side of the events of early March 1953. After days of farewell with the chief was marked not only by a single mournful gust the Soviet people, but also a monstrous crush, the real number of victims of which we will never know. Yes, and to grieve about the death of Stalin the occasion was not at all. With relief and joy took the news of those who are directly or indirectly referred to the crackdown. The grandfather of the poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko mathematician Rudolf Gangnes was arrested in 1938 and sent to a camp near Arkhangelsk.
Needless to say, the news of Stalin’s death with jubilation took prisoners of the Gulag. In Khabarovsk the ITL for the occasion, even someone found a bottle of vodka. It tells the prisoner A. V. Zhukov, learning about the leader’s death, many began to shout “Hurrah! Yay! Freedom!”. People believed that now all waiting for the long awaited release. However, hopes remained hopes: the dates had to sit out until the end. Moreover, especially distinguished in the days of mourning were also waiting for the trip to camp. In the archives of the MGB preserved many records of the following: track work Vasilyev struck the cap on the floor and said that now the collective will dissolve and give land to the peasants; the foreman of the tractor Prikhodko got drunk and ironically thanked Stalin for the construction of concentration camps; the farmer Tabulae were swearing and complained that Stalin had died 15 years ago.
But fear was not only state security officers. Yet the death of Stalin was shocked and scared most of the inhabitants of the USSR. And people’s anger could cause not only joy, but also a lack of sorrow. A case with a student of the Lviv school Larissa Garinskoe. During the mourning of a ruler in school, she said, “good riddance”. After this schoolnica was first beaten by classmates, and three weeks later received 10 years imprisonment for anti-Soviet propaganda.
there were those who to the personality of Stalin was not much to do, but so crowded had caused some interest. Mostly, of course, it was the students. Linguist Andrey Zaliznyak says about one of his unusually bright-eyed fellow, who boasted that during the farewell had three times to go near the coffin of the leader. Oleg Basilashvili from the Studio of the Moscow art theatre was also able to freely enter into the House of Unions. He recalls that he expected much more of a funeral atmosphere, and the good person of Stalin, which he usually saw on the posters, for some reason, seemed awfully mad. Another student, Sergei Aghajanian, frankly admits that he came to look at the dead leader, because never saw him alive. He also notes that he had not seen sorrow on the faces of people, probably a mixture of fear, confusion and curiosity.
Igor konchakivs’ka
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© Russian Seven
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