History 23/03/20 What weapons to Dudayev armed with his army
In 1991, Dzhokhar Dudayev, barely taking the presidency of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, was concerned about the creation of regular troops. Thus, the Law on defence of 24 December was introduced conscription for all men. The number of troops in the army has reached 15,000, the same as it was in the national guard. But where in a small country took up arms for full-scale war?
in Grozny sold in the market
the militia Colonel in resignation Yury V. Chernykh recalls: in the fall of 1995, when it ended the First Chechen war and the Republic tried to restore the order in the Main information center (GIC) of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia reported that during the search of the premises of the Grozny police Department were found the floppy disk that contains the database account, as suspected operatives of the weapon. After working with the floppy disk, the programmer has uncovered a database management system “Aramis” specially designed for the Russian interior Ministry, and, indeed, found the accounting program of weapons held in the hands of the population of Grozny. It was a few thousand records on the pistols, the rifles and even grenade launchers, registered in the name of peaceful occupations: cooks, sellers, drivers, etc. In the “Source acquisition” means: “Bought from an unknown citizen in the market.”
In a global sense, the basic methods of arming the army of the Chechen Republic in 1991-1994 was as follows:
– theft from the warehouses of the Ministry of defence of the Russian Federation on the territory of Chechnya;
– transfer the retreating troops of Russia;
– purchases and assistance from abroad;
– house production.
precious gift inevitably
Dudaev demanded that the Russian Federation withdraw its troops from the territory of the Republic of 10 June 1992. The then Minister of defense, Marshal E. I. Shaposhnikov has also been generous (as it turned out) proposaltion to divide military assets into equal parts: half to leave Chechnya, and the other half to take with you. The Marshal refused, but in vain.
at that moment On the territory of the Chechen Republic was quite a lot of military objects: 903-th anti-aircraft missile regiment, 566-th guard regiment of the internal troops and educational institutions: 173rd guards district training center of the North Caucasus IN, 382-th training wing. But the biggest interest was for the quartermasters of the Chechen army represented the military-technical warehouses Armavir military aviation school. While the authorities hesitated, the warehouses were openly robbed, to the military units of the Russian Federation were attacked. From 6 to 9 February 1992 in Grozny was destroyed 566 th regiment of the internal troops of the interior Ministry, stormed military camps 173, the CLC, was also robbed 25 officers ‘ apartments. Six Russian servicemen were seriously injured. While the military leadership of the Russian Federation tried to prevent the theft and, in fact, legitimized it. So, defense Minister Pavel Grachev on 28 may 1992 was sent to Squaw cipher telegrams, which stated: “Allow to transfer to the Chechen Republic from the presence of 173-guards the CLC military equipment, weapons, property and stocks in sizes:
the combat equipment and weapons — 50%
— ammo — two armored set,
— engineering ammunition — 1-2%.
Automotive and special equipment, property and material resources to realize the residual value on the spot.”
In reality, equally divide there was nothing. Attempting to export military equipment from the territory of Chechnya was blocked. The extent of the losses set forth in the letter of Colonel-General V. P. Dubinin, chief of the General staff of the armed forces of the Russian Federation addressed to the Chairman of the Committee on defense and security S. V. Stepashin: “the command of the Caucasus military district was forced to immediately withdraw its remaining personnel of the Grozny garrison outside the Republic. The result of the weapons, equipment, ammunition and supplies materiel was captured by the nationalists of the Republic”, for example, in 173-m the district training centre: 42 tanks (T-63 and T-72), 34 infantry fighting vehicles, 145 artillery pieces and mortars, 15 anti-aircraft, 40 thousand small arms and more than 300 thousand ammunition. Stepashin did not believe the information the General staff and instructed the Directorate of military counterintelligence of the Ministry of security of the Russian Federation “to perform objectivity presented to the Committee information”.
the test Results have been disappointing. According to rough estimates, was actually transmitted and captured more than 80% of military equipment and about 75% of small arms.
the Army and the internal Affairs bodies and state security has lost more than 60 thousand units of small arms, of which 138 30-mm automatic mounted grenade launchers AGS-17 “Flame”, 678 319 tank and heavy machine guns, more than 2,000 light machine guns RPK and PKM and about 150 thousand hand grenades. Are unable to evacuate out of Chechnya and 27 wagons of ammunition. At the airbase Kalinowski was left to the MiG-17 (3 PCs), MiG-15UTI (2 PCs), 6 An-2 aircraft and two Mi-8. At the Khankala air base was captured by the 72 training aircraft L-39 and 69 L-29 “Dolphin 2”.
“Humanitarian aid” and procurement
the First batch of weapons came from Turkey in November 1991 under the guise of humanitarian aid. Alaverdi in the context of border trade through IN “Rosvneshtorg” the Ministry of foreign economic relations of the Russian Federation from Chechnya were deported to Turkey 251,9 thousand tons of oil products. Export revenue in the amount of 17.8 million dollars, the Russian budget has not received. The supply of weapons to Chechnya in 1992-1994, was carried out through direct procurement in the CIS countries and the Baltic republics, and smuggled from Afghanistan and Turkey. Part of the weapon – machine guns, machine guns – came from Abkhazia.
Afghanistan supplied: AK-47 Chinese-made AKM production in the USSR, GDR, Poland, Egypt, Chinese RPD machine guns, Kalashnikov machine guns PC/PCM as well as English sniper inintaki Lee Enfield.
the English rifles were armed with the sniper group of Mujahideen arriving from Afghanistan. According to some, fought in Chechnya are mercenaries from the Baltic States, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Turkey, had personal proven weapon.
From abroad also was in full swing, financing the separatists Dudayev. Only in 1995 the Chechen Diaspora were collected 12 million dollars to purchase weapons and pay mercenaries. Thus. at the beginning of December 1994, the arms 13 th of the regular army of Chechnya was more than 40 tanks, 50 infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, about 100 guns of field artillery and mortars, 600 anti-tank weapons, about 200 units of air defense.
Weapons of local production
Although a regular unit of Chechnya were supplied with purchased and stolen weapons to the militia trunks is still not enough – had to organize its own production. What are the only types of weapons or were made in Chechnya from improvised launchers, including jet, machine guns, mortars. The last was assembled from pieces of pipe in which the cartridge was hanging out with a gap of 4-5 mm. was Making even the launcher for firing aircraft rockets Nursi, the trigger of which is fed from batteries “Crown” in one of the arms.
On the Grozny machine-building factory “Red hammer” began to produce a 9-mm submachine gun K6-92 BORZ (“Wolf”), calculated on the cartridge Makarov pistol for single shot and automatic fire. Weapon design local engineers classic layout (the shop in front of the handle) consisted of stamped parts, which it was possible to produce using existing in Chechnya equipment. The line has managed to go several thousand barrels. However, the errors designers and inaccurate technology – parts of the gun were issued from a tool, and not weapons of steel – made it unsafe for the shooter.
In primitive conditions made rifle with a calibre of 12.7 mm and 14.5 mm with a barrel length of 120 or 160 cm, which was perfect stolen from the Russian army ammo. Despite the spring-damper-shock absorber in the butt of the rifles, to shoot from such weapons was difficult.
a weapons Expert Sergei Kolomiets, conducted together with the special correspondent of the magazine “Kalashnikov” Ruslan Chumak test of the 12.7 mm rifles on the range, described her experience: “in two minutes I forgot how to breathe, and for two weeks drove off shoulder a huge bruise”. Some types of military goods have been very imperfect and dangerous for the shooters, but by December 1994, weapons were in every Chechen family.
Russian Seven
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