Crime 02/03/20 That the United States did with the scientists stole the atomic bomb for the USSR
the Rosenbergs became the only civilian executed for espionage during the cold war. Unfortunately, they fell victim to confrontation between two mutually hostile powers, the USA and the USSR.
“Liberal”
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were born in new York, families of Jewish immigrants from Russia. Enrolling in the University, young people became interested in socialist ideas began to attend Communist meetings. There was their acquaintance. In 1939 the pair were married, and in 1942 both joined the Communist party.
If you believe the memoirs of Soviet General Pavel Sudoplatov, Julius Rosenberg, an engineer by profession, an electrician, began working for Soviet intelligence in 1938 under the moniker “Liberal”. Subsequently, he was recruited Ethel, and her brother David Greenglass and his wife Ruth. The purpose of the espionage was the extraction of information about U.S. nuclear secrets.
Sergeant David Greenglass was a very useful figure: he worked as a mechanic in the nuclear center in Los Alamos. Greenglass passed information through liaison engineer-chemist Harry gold. During the period of “cooperation” he gave Soviet intelligence the working drawings of the bombs dropped in August 1945 on Nagasaki, and also made a detailed multi-page report on its work in the nuclear center.
blunder
In February 1950, the staff of the Security Agency of the US Armed Forces in the framework of the project “Venona” was able to read the encrypted messages exchanged between the representatives of the Soviet intelligence network. So they went to the British physicist German-born Klaus Fuchs, who was the chief Soviet resident in the nuclear sphere. The one being arrested, gave Harry gold, who was detained on may 23. Gold, in turn, pointed to David Greenglass, a one – on Julius RoseEnberg.
July 17, 1950 Julius was arrested. Ethel initially left at liberty, but after 11 August, she refused to answer the court’s questions, it was also taken into custody. The third accused in the case was a family friend, an electrical engineer Morton Sobell, was arrested in mid-August in Mexico by FBI agents.
According to the materials of the case, the Rosenbergs supervised network of agents “Volunteers”, consisting of at least eighteen people. They were mostly engineers working in American companies specialized in military-industrial developments, including nuclear.
it turned Out that the Julius Rosenberg in December 1944, personally handed Soviet intelligence officer Alexander Feklisov a sample of the finished radio controlled fuses, as well as the documents to him. After that, the Soviet Union established the special design Bureau, which produced the same detonators.
the Process and execution
March 6, 1951 in new York held a hearing at which the spouses Rosenberg were accused of spying for the Soviet Union. It was alleged that they gave the Soviets classified information about nuclear weapons. The main witnesses for the prosecution were the same Harry gold, Greenglass and the wife. Unlike the previous defendants, the Rosenbergs guilt completely denied.
5 APR 1951 after the verdict of the jury Julius and Ethel Rosenbergs were sentenced to death, which was approved by the President of the United States. However, the then head of the White house Harry Truman declined this, citing the fact that expires its term in office. In the next two years, the Rosenbergs held in a Federal prison sing sing.
While they waited for the executions, the international community was raging. For spouse, spies stood prominent people of the time French President Charles de Gaulle, the American physicist albert Einstein, German writer Thomas Mann and even the then Pope Pius XII. It was written seven petitions for pardon, but all of them rejected.
In the 19th’53 President of the United States was Dwight Eisenhower. Taking the presidency, he approved the death sentence against the Rosenbergs. This was accompanied by the following statement: “the Execution of two people — a sad and heavy thing, but even more horrible and sad thought about the millions of dead whose death may be directly related to what these spies have done.”
Before the execution of the Rosenbergs said they could be pardoned if they will give the entire spy network, which is coordinated. However, Julius said: “Human dignity is not for sale”. His wife also did not mention any name. Both died in the electric chair on 19 June 1953, within a few minutes. They left two young sons.
victims of propaganda?
the Execution of “Soviet spies” has caused the big resonance in the Soviet Union. Rosenberg declared innocent victims of American justice, sentenced to death on trumped-up charges.
declassified many years later, materials for the project “Venona” it is clear that direct evidence of the guilt of the Rosenbergs was not available. So, the only material evidence in the case was a box of biscuit on the back of which were written the contacts of the spouses, and the drawing of the atomic bomb sent Greenglasses, which, however, was more like a child’s drawing and was unlikely to have any value for exploration. Participation in espionage Ethel Rosenberg known only from the words of Ruth Greenglass, who told us that the daughter was gathering secret information on a typewriter.
But why, of all of the defendants sentenced to death that the Rosenbergs? In all probability, the case was again propaganda. Like, this is what happens with the Communists, sympathetic to the Soviets – the main enemy of the United States! The purpose of the sentence was not to punish spies, and to intimidate the enemy. The situation is actively used one or the other side.
anyway, the case of the spouses Rosenberg remains one of the most dramatic and shameful pages in the history of the cold war.
AndRina Shlionskaya
Source:
© Russian Seven
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