History 08/03/20 What the state allowed Hitler to create the Cossacks
Preparing the invasion of the Soviet Union, the Nazi leadership did not care about, to find allies among the Slavic peoples of the USSR. Except that it had paid some attention to the training of intelligence and sabotage detachments of the representatives of individual national minorities.
about the other peoples dominated by the view that the oppression by the regime of the Bolsheviks and without that will encourage them not to resist the Nazis. And if the resistance is still there, the Wehrmacht is strong enough to break it. To share their authority in the occupied territories with any of the local Nazis did not intend. Even the project Minister for the occupied Eastern territories, the former citizen of the Russian Empire Alfred Rosenberg, establishing a puppet of Ukraine under the protectorate of Germany, were discarded. Figures white Cossack emigration, filled at this time foster the various agencies of the Third Reich, dejectedly testified that the Germans do not see the difference between Russians and Cossacks, and Cossack is not interested in the question.
the Situation changed with the increasing difficulties of the German troops in the conquest of Russia. At the end of 1941, some German commanders began to make security part of the captured Soviet soldiers Cossack origin who chose to serve the Germans. Under the command of army group “South” was established the headquarters of the formation of the Cossack troops. In the spring of 1942, while planning the German offensive into the Caucasus, Hitler legalized these compounds. A certain role was played by the Rosenberg Institute of continental research, who invented the “Aryan” doctrine of usefulness “Cossack people”, different from the Russian. The Cossacks were declared the descendants of the Germans-ready, who lived in the black sea steppes in the fourth century.
NATthe East included the don Cossack area in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine, the Kuban and the Terek region in the Reich Commissariat of the Caucasus. It was restored with traditional local Cossack self-government under the control of the German occupation administration. Widely held elections of district and stanitsa atamans. In September 1942, the Germans allowed to be held in Novocherkassk, the don Cossack Assembly, which elected the Marching ataman of the don Cossacks, and the headquarters of the army. In November 1942, leaders of the don Cossacks even brought the German command “Declaration of the don Cossacks”, in which he asked to let go of the don Cossacks from among Soviet prisoners of war and serving in the Wehrmacht for the formation of the Cossack anti-Bolshevik army. Asked the chieftains and: dimensions of food supplies from the don to Germany must meet specific contractual standards, not appointed occupation administration arbitrarily and on the right the don authorities to dispose of a valuable heritage of the Army – horse populations. The Declaration went unanswered.
the Kuban, the German authorities decided to create a demonstration district, fully self-governing Cossacks. It covered the territory with population of 160 thousand people. The German administration itself has appointed a district chieftain, but only he obeyed stanitsa ataman. This was the difference between this and the territory of the Cossack from all others, where the real chiefs of each chieftain was the invaders. For this land and are usually used the unofficial name “Cossacks”, which was not in any document.
Sometimes called Cossacks all Cossacks inhabited the lands of southern Russia, stressing that the intention of Hitler was supposed to give all this vast territory form a single state under German protectorate. This is completely untrue. Hitler almost was not interested in politics in the Caucasus. Not being able to control everyone and everything, he gave freedom of action in thisthe survey of the Ministry of Rosenberg and the military command. No single clear plan of what to do with the Cossack territories, the Germans did not exist. Cossacks were used by them only to achieve certain objectives: ensuring the loyalty of the civilian population, uninterrupted supply of food and fodder in Germany and for the German army, the formation of Cossack units to combat partisans in the rear (for the war on the front against the Russian Cossack collaborators were not considered reliable enough).
November 19, 1942 began a counteroffensive of Soviet troops at Stalingrad. There has been a radical change in the course of the Second world war. The least open-minded figures of the Nazi leadership began to more vigorously seek additional political resources for the implementation of the German strategy. In December 1942, the Reich Ministry for the occupied Eastern territories formed the Cossack control of the don, Kuban and Terek, which set its objectives, inter alia, to secure the release of Soviet prisoners of war Cossacks and their return home, repatriation of deported to Germany Cossack Ostarbeiters, education General Temporary Cossack government. Under certain conditions it could be a step towards creation of the single Cossacks. But such conditions have not been established.
on 1 January 1943 the command of army group “A” in the Caucasus, was forced to order the withdrawal of German troops on the line of the Lower don and on the Blue line in the lower reaches of the Kuban. A large part of the Cossack lands while the Germans were left. In February 1943, Soviet troops occupied all the lands of the former don Cossack army. In October 1943, ended with the liberation of the Kuban from the German invaders.
a Fairly significant number of Cossacks experienced the hatred of the Soviet regime for her previous actions and, furthermore, they feared retaliation from the Communists for collaborating with the occupiers. Loyal attitude of the Cossacks towards the Germans provoked before the German occupation Stalin himself. By his order in may-June 1942 of a separate Kuban Cossack villages were deported population, recognized as unreliable. Therefore, in January-February 1943 with the German forces from the Terek, don and Kuban left at least 265 thousand people civil. Part of these refugees who sought after the war refuge in the camp of the Western allies, was issued by the British to the Soviet Union in may 1945 along with members of the collaborationist Cossack formations.
Yaroslav Butakov
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© Russian Seven
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