Biography 07/03/20 Sofia Dzerzhinskaya: the fate of the wife of “iron Felix”
the Creator of the Cheka Felix Dzerzhinsky died in Moscow in 1926, while still not an old man. Few people know that his wife Sophia has experienced “iron Felix” by as much as 42.
“Revolutionary” love
In 1905, the 23-year-old daughter of a Warsaw accountant Sofia sigizmundovna Mushkat joined the party of the Polish-Lithuanian social Democrats (since 1906 a part of the RSDLP). Once at the apartment with a friend, a revolutionary, she met a certain “józef” – “extremely beloved leader of the Polish workers.” However, their paths did not intersect. Even now the name of Felix Dzerzhinsky Sophia learned only in 1909.
‘ve really bonded revolutionaries “Czarna” and “Joseph” only in Austrian Cracow in 1910. The girl at the time sent abroad, and Dzerzhinsky came to Europe, having escaped from Siberian exile. She noticed that his face after suffering of suffering, the “deep wrinkles”.
“Josef asked me to help him put in order archive of party publications. I readily agreed. The next day I went to the apartment of Jozef to get to work,” wrote Sophia in the book of memories “In the great battles.”
in Addition to working a pair of walks in the vicinity of kraków, during which Dzerzhinsky told the girl about his life. Their “honeymoon” Sophia called one of the Hiking trips in the Tatra mountains in August of 1910, when political allies spent the night in a house on the outskirts of Zakopane. Was there ever an official marriage, is not clear – neither the place nor the exact date of the wedding Dzerzhinskih sources is not known. But it is known that a few days after returning to Krakow Sophia moved into an apartment Dzerzhinsky.
Eight years apart and eight years together,
Sophie Mushkat was not the first love of Dzerzhinsky. Known, for example, his youthful ardent letters to exiled Margarita Nikolaeva. Much space was occupied by the epistolary genre and in a relationship with Sophia. Due to the vicissitudes of the revolutionary struggle for 8 years Dzerzhinsky lived apart for the last time they met November 28, 1910, at the train station in Krakow. The son of Jan Sophia had to give birth in a women’s prison in Warsaw. However, Dzerzhinsky always found wife words of encouragement
“at times, when I think about you, about the baby, despite all and in spite of everything, it fills me with a strange joy… And in my heart something tells me that our sun was not yet come”, – he wrote to Sophia on March 31, 1911.
the family was Reunited only in October 1918 in Bern, Switzerland. “We rushed into each other’s arms, and I could not refrain from tears of joy.” – said Sophia.
In 1919, she and her son arrived in Soviet Russia. Although a full family life at Dzerzhinsky in connection with the heavy workload, it was not, occasionally, on the advice of his friends he still rested in the family circle. Known, for example, combines the Felix and Sophia Dzerzhinskih made in 1923 at the dacha outside Moscow.
After Felix
Widowed, Sophia sigizmundovna continued to live in the Kremlin. For some time she worked in the Polish Bureau of getproposal of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b), and in 1929 he became a research fellow and managing editor of the Institute of Marx – Engels – Lenin.
Sofia Dzerzhinskaya actively corresponded and met with the pioneers and Komsomol members, telling them about her husband’s life. In 1937 she was appointed to the Executive Committee of the Comintern, in 1946, retired. Stalin, Dzerzhinsky appreciated as the Creator of “the machine of terror,” helped his family. For example, in 1947, he singled out Sofia Dzerzhinskaya the car “Victory” and a personal driver.
In the era of Brezhnev stagnation had party standing since 1905 Sofia Dzerzhinskaya was considered “the oldest Bolshevik.” She continued to lead an active public life and promote the legacy of the “iron Felix”. In 1963, Sofia Dzerzhinskaya met with Yuri Gagarin. Until the last days she was Deputy Chairman of the Central Board of the Soviet-Polish friendship. Died wife Dzerzhinskogo 27 February 1968 at the age of 85 years, national Newspapers reported her death only 2 days.
Timur Sagdiyev
Source:
© Russian Seven
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