Biography 25/02/20 “Literary vlasovite”: how the KGB did to Solzhenitsyn
the Fate of Alexander Solzhenitsyn is one of the most tragic fates of Russian literature of the twentieth century. Nobel laureate, former officer-soldier, prisoner camps, the writer and future Academy of Sciences. In 1974 he became a fugitive and was exiled from the Soviet Union abroad. The most common cause of course, you can call it anti-Communist dissident views, demonstrations against the policies of the CPSU and the Soviet system. In 1945 he was arrested and sentenced to 8 years imprisonment for anti-Stalin letters to his friend N. Vitkevich.
But in 1956, Solzhenitsyn was allowed to return to Central Russia, and soon rehabilitated. He lived in Ryazan, worked as a teacher. His works, with the exception of “One day of Ivan Denisovich” (about prison life) was not published. This story appeared in the magazine New world in 1962, with personal approval of N. With. Khrushchev. Enlisting then in the writers ‘ Union, Solzhenitsyn finally got access to logs. But censorship could not overcome and soon began to send their works in Russian foreign (and obviously anti-Soviet) journals.
After that Solzhenitsyn engaged in the KGB, and his stories and poems stopped taking. Abroad as they gained more and more popularity. Now he openly stood up against the government, publicly criticizing. In 1969 he was expelled from the writers ‘ Union and began to persecute the press. After the award of the Nobel prize was followed by suggestions to leave the country, Solzhenitsyn refused.
the Fighting has escalated in 1973, Solzhenitsyn declared the accuser. In response, he published abroad, “the GULAG Archipelago”. For the KGB this was the last straw. “Traitors” and “literary vlasovite” two roads remained to become inmates of a mental hospital or prison or go into exile. This choice stood before Joseph Brodsky. In January 1974, PolitBureau of the CPSU Central Committee discussed this issue, and at the suggestion of Yuri Andropov decided to expel Solzhenitsyn.
12 Feb writer detained, accused of treason and deprived of his Soviet citizenship. The next day Solzhenitsyn was put on a plane and sent to West Germany. From all libraries and bookstores withdrew his works. Soon the family of a dissident fled to the USSR. They settled in Switzerland. Solzhenitsyn helped the Soviet political prisoners and their families, continued to publish their works.
it would Seem that the writer was a hero, a fugitive, persecuted fighter for the truth. However, not so clear. No wonder some called him Lionizing, found in his work the contradictions in the views – absolutely non-democratic, nationalist and reactionary spirit. Someone considered him an agent of influence of Western intelligence agencies, but on close examination, much more plausible seems to be another version (in particular, it expresses the author and psycholinguist A. A. Lakeev). Perhaps (and this was discussed in the 1970s), that Solzhenitsyn was a Kremlin project. At first he was supported by the Soviet leaders, taking thus on the pedestal of fame. Then followed him, but something very very clumsy – his works all the time had leaked to the West, the KGB specialists are unable to find the archive of the writer and did not prevent its export overseas. In addition, they tried to poison him, but also could not (and in fact in other cases, was ably performed such operations).
In General, Lokiev after other skeptics suggests that Solzhenitsyn was sent to the West not just. And he, as a KGB agent, well played a role: once in Europe, criticized the Western way of life, do not accept the proposed US citizenship, supported by Franco and have expressed anti-democratic views. Thus, he also worked against democracy and discredited in the eyes of Europeans, Soviet dissidents and emigrants. To put an end to the question of whether Solzhenitsyn was a KGB agent, only the future opening of the archives.
In Russia Solzhenitsyn returned only in 1994, Showered with gifts, honors and titles, and of course, publications. However, the reforms of the 1990s and Yeltsin, he did not criticize less acute than before the Communist party. Died in honor and glory in 2008.
Konstantin Dmitriev
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© Russian Seven
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