History 29/02/20 Why Kolchak had made Omsk the capital of Russia
In July 1918, after the expulsion of the Bolsheviks in Omsk was proclaimed the capital of Siberia. For almost a year and a half, the new authorities did everything to the town was the center of not only Siberian, but also Russian white movement.
the Third capital
almost immediately after getting the capital status of the political Omsk bubbled. Here are concentrated the various ministries and departments of successive governments: in the Provisional Siberian, Directories and all Russia, headed by Kolchak. Contemporaries noted that the Omsk though great, but good homes still not enough to accommodate the whole army of officials. Often in the same building were restricted to three government agencies. The representative was of the Ministry, which is in the “white” capital, there were 13.
the building of the State Bank in 1918, was located the main part of transported from Ufa Russia’s gold reserves. In April of 1919 there was organized an exhibition where residents and guests could see the precious metal bullion, coins and jewelry.
In the municipal troubles have plunged the city Council and the Duma. Cares enough, as a result of forced migration the size of the population of Omsk has grown to 600 thousand people. It is the overpopulation was one of the main problems: a number of citizens had neither housing, nor food.
City authorities managed to get the government the disbursement for the purchase of grain and flour, as well as extraordinary rights of transportation on the Railways of food and coal. In addition, the municipal Council took care of provision of medicines and commodities that became especially important during epidemics of typhoid and typhus fevers which raged in the city in the autumn of 1918.
Supreme leader
18 Nov In 1918 in Omsk after the fall of the Directory the Supreme Ruler of the Russian state was proclaimed Admiral Kolchak. In his speech the head of “white” Russia promised to restore the combat capability of the volunteer army, to defeat Bolshevism and, ultimately, to return the country to its former value. The key principles that were going to follow Kolchak – the “law and order”.
the residence of the ruler of Russia is situated in a former residential building Batushkina that modern people know how the Registrar. Here Kolchak lived with his civil wife Anna timireeva to, here worked, signed decrees, took the delegation. In this house he was assassinated: just by coincidence the Admiral was not injured.
the Priorities dealt with Kolchak, was aimed at solving the problems of army supply, economic issues stuck somewhere in the process of writing programs. The lack of effective measures to improve life of workers led to widespread discontent among the population of Omsk and other cities. Punitive measures only aggravated the situation. This has created a favorable environment for the growth of the popularity of underground Bolshevik organizations.
International city
the Capital of Kolchak’s Russia has become a center of attraction for foreigners of all stripes, primarily military. Here was stationed the British infantry units, French colonial building and also Polish, Serbian, Romanian and Italian garrisons. A special position was the Czechs, as liberators from Omsk of the Bolshevik regime.
In particular, at the railway station of Omsk were delivered to the Czech commandant who controlled the movements of all rolling stock. The Czech military without work roamed the city streets, flaunting neat uniforms and new boots. Their well-fed and happy faces evoked extreme irritation of ordinary citizens.
are Widely represented in Omsk was and the diplomatic corps. Foreign missions gave the city a special international color, in their cheSt organized receptions, parades and balls. Petrusia in town cars with foreign flags and respectable foreign guests gathered crowds of onlookers.
On Lyubinsky Prospekt, the main promenade of the city – housed a Japanese military mission, the residence of a British emissary was located on the street 2nd Vzvoz, in November 1918, with the request premises to the Kolchak government approached the Americans, also in Omsk was occupied by the Swedes, Danes, French, and Chinese.
Without leisure it is impossible
Filled with officials, soldiers and foreigners Omsk could not live boring. The city has opened kafeshantany, restaurants and “houses of tolerance” worked in the circus and the cinema, like mushrooms growing eatery and shops. From morning to evening Omsk streets filled unsuited and singing military marches. The city worked actively literary circles, organized exhibitions, including the then fashionable futurists.
a Special pride of Omsk was municipal theatre, which became the center of cultural life of the city and a gathering place for the capital’s Beau Monde. It sounded classic performed by the Russian and foreign celebrities, were staged dramatic plays – “Anna Karenina”, “Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich”, “children of the sun”. With the Governor-General’s Lodge, often before the public was made by the Kolchak, who tried to instill in her the confidence in the revival of Russia.
the Fall of “white” Omsk
By the end of 1919 the active political and cultural life of Omsk began to decline, the blame for the worsening situation at the front and the failed work of the government of Kolchak, which has not found support among the people. Inflation is already rampant. For example, if in early 1918, a peck of flour in Omsk was worth 2 rubles 40 kopecks., in may 1919 he was asked more than 60 rubles! The government was forced to introduce ration cards to stores grew up a huge queue.
the White movement began to suffer one defeat after another, and not wait for Kolchak promised the support of allies. From mid-summer 1919, the fronts began to approach Omsk. Kolchak was trying to defend the capital, but in early November was forced to make the decision to leave her. On 12 November the Supreme ruler left Omsk, and two days later entered the city the first part of the red Army.
Taras Repin
Source:
© Russian Seven
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